AN INVESTIGATION ON THE EFFORT OF GOVERNMENT AND THE MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY PROBLEMS IN NIGERIA
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Background of the study
After the civil war that broke out in 1970 in Nigeria, the country's security situation has been generally stable ever since. The people have peace, and they are able to travel freely from one section of the nation to another without being harassed or attacked in any way. The way of life was uncomplicated. There are no conflicts between the people of various ethnic groups who live together. Everybody fought to make two ends meet. Because to the vigilance of various security agencies, including the police, the troops, and various society vigilante organizations, people's lives and belongings were protected from harm. People were afraid of getting in trouble with the law because they knew it would punish them severely. The country's security was kept to an extremely high standard. Insecurity, on the other hand, was seen in Nigeria as early as the year 2000 in some local government areas of the nation; however, the neglect of this malicious act by the constituted authority caused it to expand to various parts of the country at that time. Perhaps the governments at the time were unable to foresee the negative effects it would have in the long term. Recently, their acts have posed a significant danger to the whole of the population, and it seems that this threat has increased along with the number of high-level security agents in the nation. The issue that has to be asked is, given the presence of this disturbing pattern, to what extent does the nation still maintain its security? According to Adebakin (2022), security is the state of being free from risk or peril, the act of defending, safeguarding, and maintaining one's ideals, as well as the lack of danger to one's accumulated assets and possessions. Survival and the quality of being human are at the heart of the concept of security. In addition, security occurs when individuals are able to coexist in a certain setting without resorting to disruptive or violent behavior. A feeling or assurance of safety, peace of mind or an absence of fear, freedom from danger, care, intimidation, or apprehension, and the certainty or assurance of a good life or welfare are among the primary responsibilities of every government and state, as well as one of the primary goals of every government and state. Section 14 (2) (b) of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 states unequivocally that "the security and welfare of the people (of Nigeria) shall be the primary purpose of government." This fundamental objective and directive principle of state policy is spelled out in the Nigerian constitution as an unmistakable guiding principle of government policy. In recent years, Nigeria has been hit by an unparalleled amount of violence and instability. It is no surprise that maintaining national security has become a priority for the administration, as seen by the substantial amount of money that has been allocated to this area of the budget. According to Adejumo (2021), in order to reduce the amount of violent crime that occurs in Nigeria, the federal government has implemented a number of preventative measures, such as the criminalization of terrorism through the passage of the anti-terrorism Act in 2011, the installation of computer-based Closed Circuit Television cameras (CCTV) in certain regions of the country, an increase in the amount of time spent on surveillance and investigation of crimes related to criminal activity, and a heightening of physical security measures all over the country with the Concerns about national security extend to those governmental institutions that work to secure the physical protection and safety of its population, as well as their equal access to the legal system and protection from being mistreated. There are two distinct groups of governmental structures and entities that are responsible for protecting the country. The first component is made up of the conventional instruments of national security, which include the military, the intelligence community, and the criminal justice system (which includes the police, the legal system, and any correctional services or prisons). The second, and more essential, refers to the characteristics of governance, including its institutions, the rules, norms, and values that support it, as well as the effectiveness of those characteristics (Babangida, 2020). According to Bello (2022), human security is defined as an integrated concept of constructive peace, human rights, and sustainable development. This is in accordance with the human security framework. It is connected to the improvement of the standard of living for all of the people who are in danger; the values of respecting human rights, the dignity of the individual, respect for diversity, community empowerment, decentralized forms of government, peace and coexistence; and the accountability and transparency of actions taken to improve the standard of living (Fukuyama, 2022). These values aspire to the creation of an environment that is conducive to the development of people who are vulnerable, a minimum social safety net for those who are in need, a clear vision and approach to participation and empowerment, as well as milestones for the achievement of those aspirations (Ezeoha, 2022). The eradication of anxiety and freedom from want are necessary conditions for achieving human security. In the broadest sense, security refers to the process of ensuring the continued existence of every member of the society. It is the effort made in any culture to steer clear of, prevent, lessen, or settle instances of violence and conflict. In most cases, general peace and security in any community is related with the absence of violent crime, absence of civil disturbance, and absence of insurgency, to name just a few of the factors. Nevertheless, the purpose of this research is to examine Nigeria's administration and how it handles its many security concerns.
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